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Author Topic: Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof  (Read 1051 times)

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alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« on: Thursday 08 January 2004, 01:49 »
Allâh ta^âlà said in Sura alMulk 67: 6 to 11), what means : « And for those who disbelieve in their Lord is the punishment of hell, and evil is such destination. (6) When they are flung therein they hear its roaring as it boils up, (7) Almost bursting with fury: Whenever a group is cast into it, its keepers will ask them: "Did no Warner come to you?" ( 8 ) They will say: "Yes indeed; a Warner did come to us, but we rejected him and said, 'Allâh never revealed anything : you are only in a great error. (9) And they will say: Had we but listened or used our reason (used our ^aql) , we should not have been among the inmates of the burning fire. (10) So they shall acknowledge their sins, but far will be (forgiveness) from the inmates of the burning fire. (11).”

In verse 10 Allâh lets us know how disbelievers enter Hell: first they do not listen, i.e. they do not receive the knowledge of Islam, then they fail to use their reason to recognise the truth of the message and the truthfulness of the Messenger. This 'âyah establishes the importance of reason (^aql) while pointing to the fact that the base for our religion is revelation, not ^aql. The role of reason is to be the witness to truth, not the base of Islam.

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #1 on: Friday 09 January 2004, 11:02 »
In all, Allâh uses more than forty times the verb “^aqala”, that is to say “using one’s ^aql” showing us that those who will be damned in Hell will not have used ^aql and encouraging believers to use their ^aql. What is then “al^Aql ? In “alQâmûsu lMuhît”, the first and most famous dictionnary of Arabic, its author, alFayrûzâbâdî explained the word ^aql as “knowledge, the ability to know good from evil, perfection, imperfection, the greater of two goods, the worse of two evils, as the strong ability to distinguish between what is bad and what is good, etc. He even says
æÇáÍÞ Ãäå äæÑ ÑæÍÇäí¡ Èå ÊÏÑß ÇáäÝÓõ ÇáÚáæãó ÇáÖÑæÑíÉ æÇáäÙÑíÉ
“Truly, it is a spiritual light, through it a person grasps obligatory and theoretical sciences”

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #2 on: Saturday 10 January 2004, 08:44 »
Alurdumaaniyy wrote:

It is important to know religious evidence or proof with our « ^aql », our reason, since Allâh insisted so much on the use of our reason, since prophets and scholars used it to answer to the disbelievers who do not accept proof from revelation.
Allâh ta^âlà said that which means : « Have you seen the one who debated with ‘Ibrâhîm about his Lord. Allâh granted him a sovereignty. ‘Ibrâhîm said : it is my Lord Who Gives life and gives death. He answered: I indeed do give life and I give death. ‘Ibrâhîm told him: indeed, Allâh Brings the sun from the east, so you bring it from the west. The disbeliever could not say anything. Allâh does not Guide the unjust.”
(sura Al-Baqarah 2: 258)

See, may Allâh have mercy on you, how strong the logic of our master ‘Ibrâhîm was (^alayhi ssalâm), how he defeated king Nimrûd’s arguments who claimed to be divine. Nimrûd ordered for two men to be brought in front of him, then he commanded for one to be killed and the other to be left to live. Ibrâhîm answered him that indeed, Allâh brings the sun from the east, so let the king bring it from the west. The disbeliever was unable to reply. Ibrâhîm’s evidence (peace be upon him) was a rational one, one produced by reason and accessible by it, which meant: “You Nimrûd, if you really were a  creator,and you are not, then bring up the sun from the West, but you are not all powerful and your claim to have power over death and life is just a play on words”.

the word “azZâlimîn”  which Allâh used when He said “wa-llâhu lâ yahdi lqawma zZâlimîn” means the kuffâr, who truly are the unjust. This ‘âyah does not refer to Muslims who commit injustice, it is about those whom Allâh knows to be destined to die as disbelievers. Those ones, Allâh does not guide them, whatever miracles they may see  and whatever words they may hear from the blessed mouths of prophets. This is the meaning of “wa-llâhu lâ yahdi lqawma zZâlimîn”, that is to say : «Allâh does not guide the unjust (whom He knows will die in disbelief). ».

Offline zainib

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #3 on: Saturday 10 January 2004, 15:52 »
baarak Allahu feeka akhi Alurdumaaniyy

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #4 on: Saturday 10 January 2004, 17:10 »
Wafîki sister, 'âmîn.

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #5 on: Saturday 10 January 2004, 17:16 »
^Aql is the witness to the truth which is in the holy Qur’ân and Sunnah. It is the sound use of the logical and rational ability of humans to understand, explain and defend Islam, but ^aql is not the base of our religion. We do not go into the Book of Allâh and hadiths with preset ways of thinking, looking for what we already believe in, quite the opposite: we submit to the guidance of revelation and use our reason in accordance to it. Whoever puts reason before Allâh’s message goes astray, falling in the trap of personal opinion, zan, and Allâh ta^âlà said what means:
"But they have no knowledge therein. They follow nothing but conjecture/opinion ; and conjecture/opinion avails nothing against truth." (Sura anNajm :28).

It is the correct use of ^Aql, based on Qur'ân and Sunnah, which enabled Muslim scholars to develop the science of Kalâm with which they defeated Mu^tazilism, philosophers and other deviants, to this day when this method is used to expose Wahhâbis and other sectarians.

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #6 on: Tuesday 13 January 2004, 12:57 »
Allâh teaches us how to use our ^aql. For instance He ta^âlà said in Sura al’Ambiyâ’ 21: part of verse 22. What means: “If there were, in the heavens and the earth, other gods apart from Allâh, there would have been chaos in both!

To be divine is to be all-powerful, to have will, not to depend on anything. If we say there can be other gods than Allâh we claim several almighty beings create the universe. Nothing could restrain any of them in a case of disagreement and if one could win over the others than that would prove the others not to be divine anyway. The proposition is absurd.

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #7 on: Friday 23 January 2004, 15:54 »
Faced with the onslaught of Mu^tazilis, philosophers and Mushabbihah, scholars quickly developped a method to safely use the ^aql/intellect/reason/logic. This was called kalâm because so much of the arguments which were to take place were centered around Allâh’s kalâm, His attribute of speech. Scholars of the science of kalâm were called “mutakallimûn” and this is not the kalâm of deviants which was blamed by ^ulamâ’, this is the pure ^ilmu lkalâm praised and practised by the ^ulamâ’ of Ahlu sSunnah walJamâ^ah.

The science of kalâm which is in accordance with Qur’ân and Sunnah is the one practised by Imâm Abû Hanîfah (radiya-llâhu ^anhu) when he travelled approximately 20 times to debate against the Mu^tazilah and others. Imâm ashShâfi^iyy (radiya-llâhu ^anhu) was also famous for his skills in this science, as Imâm Ibn ^Asâkir reported through a reliable chain of transmission that he debated against Hafs alFard, against his claim that the Qur’ân was created and he crushed him by Allâh’s grace to the point that afterwards, a shocked Hafs alFard was saying: “ashShâfi^iyy wanted to kill me”.

alurdumaaniyy

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #8 on: Saturday 24 January 2004, 16:56 »
Then, in His mercy, Allâh enabled two great men to defeat the Mu^tazilah, philosophers and Mushabbihah and to give Muslims the tools to defend Islam against all deviant sects to come. These two heros were Imâm Abu lHasan al’Ash^ariyy (260-324 H.) and Imâm ‘Abû Mansûr alMâturîdiyy (rahimahuma-llâh) and they started the Ash^ariyy and Mâturîdiyy schools which, progressively, were adopted by the scholars of Ahlu sSunnah walJamâ^ah, to the point that Hanafi scholars started to use the Mâturîdiyy method whereas the Mâlikis, Shâfi^is and Hanbalis used the Ash^ariyy method.

The differences between these two schools are minor, both are orthodox sunni methods which we use to this day and they are so close that it is true to say that Ash^aris are Mâturîdis and Mâturîdis are Ash^aris and both are Sunnis.

The method taught by Ash^aris are Mâturîdis is so powerful that enemies or Islam, outside as well as inside, fear them terribly and hate them. Hatred or hostility towards them is one of the signs by which we recognise people of bid^ah and those influenced by them.

Offline Sami Yusuf Islam

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Reason (ÇáÚÞá ) in Islam: The importance of Rational Proof
« Reply #9 on: Tuesday 22 June 2004, 15:27 »
may Allah bless your hands and eyes alurdumaaniyy.

 



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