The muhkam verse is that which, according to the Arabic language, can only bear one meaning, or that which the intended meaning is clear. This means that everyone who knows the Arabic language would immediately know the intended meaning. Like the verse “Laysa kamithlihi shay’,” and the verse “Wa lam yakun lahu kufuan ahad,” and the verse “Hal ta^lamu lahu samiyya.”
Anyone who knows the Arabic language will immediately understand from these ayahs that the meaning is that Allah does not have an equal or a similar. Because according to the Arabic language, these verses do not accept any other meaning. This is why anyone who knows the Arabic language will immediately understand this meaning. The meaning is clear. Such verses are called the muhkam verses. Allah ta^ala told us that these verses are the Ummul-Kitab, that is, the foundation of the Book.
The mutashabih verse is the verse whose meaning is not immediately clear. In the Arabic language, when one says “Ishtabahal-amru ^alayhi,” it means that this matter is not immediately clear to him. Ishtabaha and mutashabih has the same root. Hence the meaning of mutashabih is that whose meaning is not immediately clear. In other words, it can have different meanings, and for one to deduce the acceptable meaning, one has to look into the different meanings. Like the ayah “Ar-Rahmanu ^alal-^Arshi-stawa.”
Allah knows best.